3. Celsius (offered Swede Anders Celsius in 1742) adopted for zero temperature of the mixture of ic

Measure the temperature of mankind learned about 400 years ago. But the first devices that resemble current thermometers, appeared only in the eighteenth century. The inventor of the first thermometer became a scientist Gabriel Fahrenheit. Total world was invented several different temperature scales, some of them have been more popular and used hitherto, other gradually out of use.
The temperature scale - a system of temperature values that can compare with each other. Since the temperature refers to the quantity acetate to be measured directly, the value associated with the change acetate in its temperature state of a substance (e.g., water). All temperature scales typically two fixed points corresponding to the selected transition temperature thermometric substances in different phases. This is the so-called reference points. Examples of reference points can serve as a point of boiling water, the point of hardening of gold, etc. One of the points is taken as the reference point. The interval between them is divided into a number of equal segments, which are isolated. The unit of measurement of temperature is generally accepted one degree.
The most popular and received the most widespread in the world's temperature scale - Celsius and Fahrenheit. However, acetate we consider the order of the existing scale and try to compare acetate them in terms of ease of use and practical use. The most famous five scales:
1. The Fahrenheit scale was invented by Fahrenheit, a German scientist. In one of the coldest days of winter 1709 the mercury in the thermometer scientist dropped to a very low temperature, acetate which he offered acetate to take as zero on a new scale. Another reference point was the temperature of the human body. Freezing point of water on his scale steel +32 , and the boiling point of +212 . The Fahrenheit scale is especially designed and comfortable. Previously, it has been widely used in English-speaking countries, now - almost exclusively in the United States.
2. On a scale of Reaumur, invented by French scientist Rene de Reaumur in 1731, the reference point is the lower the freezing point of water. The scale is based on the use of alcohol, which expands when heated, in degrees adopted thousandth of the volume of alcohol in the reservoir and tube at zero. Now this scale is out of use.
3. Celsius (offered Swede Anders Celsius in 1742) adopted for zero temperature of the mixture of ice and water (the temperature at which ice melts), the other main point - the temperature at which water boils. The interval between them has been decided to divide into 100 parts, and one part is taken as the unit of measure - degree Celsius. This scale is more rational than the Fahrenheit scale and the scale of Reaumur, is now universally used.
4. Kelvin scale invented in 1848 by Lord Kelvin (British scientist William Thomson). It zero point corresponds to the lowest possible temperature at which molecular motion is terminated substance. This value was calculated theoretically in the study of the properties of gases. Celsius this value corresponds to approximately - 273 C, i.e. zero Celsius equals 273 K. The unit of the new scale has become acetate one kelvin (originally acetate was called "Kelvin").
5. Rankin Scale (named after Scottish physicist William Rankine) is the same principle that the Kelvin scale, and the dimension of the same, that the Fahrenheit scale. This system is practically not widespread.
The temperatures, which gives us the Fahrenheit and Celsius, can be easily translated into each other. In translating "in the mind" (ie, fast, without using special tables) values Fahrenheit to Celsius to reduce the original figure of 32 units and multiply by 5/9. On the contrary (from Celsius to Fahrenheit) - multiply the original acetate value by 9/5 and add 32. For comparison, the temperature of absolute zero Celsius - 273,15 , Fahrenheit-459,67 .
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