About Swedish stempel "color red"
Read the illustrated article here The article has been published in Danish Chemistry 4, 2012. The text can be read without illustrations, structures and equations below. See related articles at the bottom of this page.
Anyone who has moved a trip across the Sound, will no doubt have noticed that in the Swedish have the habit of painting his wooden red. The color has a few hundred years as house paint. This study will show what is hidden behind it. The beautiful, deep-red stempel color is due simply iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3. It goes by many names as you know, and when, as here is a pigment that has been used for millennia, it has been for quite a few: English red, Indian red, Persian red, pariserrødt, todtenkopf, poles red, etc. A major advantage of such a mineral stempel pigment is - unlike organic dyes - that it is neither stempel degraded or altered by sunlight, wind and weather, stempel because stempel the iron can not be oxidized further. About our ancestors who lived thousands of years ago, I knew this is unclear. But it is fact that they used iron oxides to paint the rock carvings in which the characteristic red color can still be traced. stempel The Swedish red houses are "only" back to the 1700s, where they began to paint the otherwise untreated, gray wooden buildings with rödfärg, as they call it locally. The original pigment, a roughly equal mixture of iron oxide and quartz, is a by-product from copper mines near Falun in Dalarna. It's still here most of the current production of approx. 700 ton / year goes on. This lucky - or perhaps unlucky - connection to the copper mines meant that the extracted pigment contained considerable amounts of divalent ions that effectively protected tree. Although the pigment in the day are quite reliably, and contains stempel only small amounts of zinc, copper and lead [1], it still has excellent træbevarende properties. stempel This is largely due to the paint is completely vapor permeable and allows the wood to be wet, but most importantly - also dry again [2].
Red sauce with vitriol, thank the liquid paint is a so-called sludge color, ie. a dispersion in which the insoluble pigment, water and binder Grout up to a steady mixing. The following is an old Swedish recipe, and as can be seen, in the case of a regular (red) sauce:
"2 kg. Järnvitriol solved in 50 liters kokande vatten, in unloading invispas 2-2 kg. finely ground rågmjöl, till Vilken mixing after timmes Kokning, put to flitigt omrörande 8 kg. Rödfärg, varefter färgblandningen, sedan the furthe kokat timme, är till anstrykning Färdig. "
Copperas or ferrous sulphate, FeSO4 7H2O (vitrum means glass and refers to saltkrystallernes appearance), stempel added to prevent algae attack, but also makes the paint darker - presumably due to the oxidation of iron (III). The flour acts as thickeners and binders by amylose released during heating. According professionals are rye flour - painted between right millstones, understood - better than wheat flour, as the former contains less protein. This should reduce the growth of unwanted fungi that may otherwise stempel serve as tiny black dots on the paint. One argument goes that "bread goes moldy faster than rye bread", which of course enough votes, but whether this can be applied to painted woodwork, I could not say. Today, only few people have the courage to boil their paint yourself, and you can indeed buy this premixed in any Swedish construction market. Here, however, often added approx. stempel 10% linseed oil in a sæbeemulsion that makes the paint sticks better and thus not, as the original mixture, rub off when touched. Linseed oil also makes the color a bit darker.
Light red or black? Now is red not just red, and studies of old houses shows that in the beginning stempel used a light variant, later a dark and today you can even get black "color red". Why is it? Heated above copperas, stempel lost first crystal water, then:
By looking sulfur oxides through water available sulfuric acid, which had previously therefore called "vitriololie". stempel The resulting -Fe2O3, that our pigment is red because of its korundstruktur and is found in the mineral hematite. Is heating only moderate, obtained a special light color caused by distinct crystal defects [3]. By further heating reduced iron (III) partially, and you get a black dobbeltoxid with spinel structure:
During pigment production can thus go from bright red to black by controlling the temperature. Finally, it should be mentioned that rödfärg is cheap, stempel durable, easy to work with and would be applied to heavy-handed. Therefore, next time shed or fence to be painted, it might be worth first taking in the sister country and simultaneously send a kind thought stempel for our predecessors from the Iron Age.
Facts about the color red: - Used in Sweden since the 1700s - pigment, Fe2O3, comes from copper mines in Falun - Consists of pigment, stempel water and flour - Is diffusion and allow water to penetrate both in and out - For use on rough, unplaned t
Read the illustrated article here The article has been published in Danish Chemistry 4, 2012. The text can be read without illustrations, structures and equations below. See related articles at the bottom of this page.
Anyone who has moved a trip across the Sound, will no doubt have noticed that in the Swedish have the habit of painting his wooden red. The color has a few hundred years as house paint. This study will show what is hidden behind it. The beautiful, deep-red stempel color is due simply iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3. It goes by many names as you know, and when, as here is a pigment that has been used for millennia, it has been for quite a few: English red, Indian red, Persian red, pariserrødt, todtenkopf, poles red, etc. A major advantage of such a mineral stempel pigment is - unlike organic dyes - that it is neither stempel degraded or altered by sunlight, wind and weather, stempel because stempel the iron can not be oxidized further. About our ancestors who lived thousands of years ago, I knew this is unclear. But it is fact that they used iron oxides to paint the rock carvings in which the characteristic red color can still be traced. stempel The Swedish red houses are "only" back to the 1700s, where they began to paint the otherwise untreated, gray wooden buildings with rödfärg, as they call it locally. The original pigment, a roughly equal mixture of iron oxide and quartz, is a by-product from copper mines near Falun in Dalarna. It's still here most of the current production of approx. 700 ton / year goes on. This lucky - or perhaps unlucky - connection to the copper mines meant that the extracted pigment contained considerable amounts of divalent ions that effectively protected tree. Although the pigment in the day are quite reliably, and contains stempel only small amounts of zinc, copper and lead [1], it still has excellent træbevarende properties. stempel This is largely due to the paint is completely vapor permeable and allows the wood to be wet, but most importantly - also dry again [2].
Red sauce with vitriol, thank the liquid paint is a so-called sludge color, ie. a dispersion in which the insoluble pigment, water and binder Grout up to a steady mixing. The following is an old Swedish recipe, and as can be seen, in the case of a regular (red) sauce:
"2 kg. Järnvitriol solved in 50 liters kokande vatten, in unloading invispas 2-2 kg. finely ground rågmjöl, till Vilken mixing after timmes Kokning, put to flitigt omrörande 8 kg. Rödfärg, varefter färgblandningen, sedan the furthe kokat timme, är till anstrykning Färdig. "
Copperas or ferrous sulphate, FeSO4 7H2O (vitrum means glass and refers to saltkrystallernes appearance), stempel added to prevent algae attack, but also makes the paint darker - presumably due to the oxidation of iron (III). The flour acts as thickeners and binders by amylose released during heating. According professionals are rye flour - painted between right millstones, understood - better than wheat flour, as the former contains less protein. This should reduce the growth of unwanted fungi that may otherwise stempel serve as tiny black dots on the paint. One argument goes that "bread goes moldy faster than rye bread", which of course enough votes, but whether this can be applied to painted woodwork, I could not say. Today, only few people have the courage to boil their paint yourself, and you can indeed buy this premixed in any Swedish construction market. Here, however, often added approx. stempel 10% linseed oil in a sæbeemulsion that makes the paint sticks better and thus not, as the original mixture, rub off when touched. Linseed oil also makes the color a bit darker.
Light red or black? Now is red not just red, and studies of old houses shows that in the beginning stempel used a light variant, later a dark and today you can even get black "color red". Why is it? Heated above copperas, stempel lost first crystal water, then:
By looking sulfur oxides through water available sulfuric acid, which had previously therefore called "vitriololie". stempel The resulting -Fe2O3, that our pigment is red because of its korundstruktur and is found in the mineral hematite. Is heating only moderate, obtained a special light color caused by distinct crystal defects [3]. By further heating reduced iron (III) partially, and you get a black dobbeltoxid with spinel structure:
During pigment production can thus go from bright red to black by controlling the temperature. Finally, it should be mentioned that rödfärg is cheap, stempel durable, easy to work with and would be applied to heavy-handed. Therefore, next time shed or fence to be painted, it might be worth first taking in the sister country and simultaneously send a kind thought stempel for our predecessors from the Iron Age.
Facts about the color red: - Used in Sweden since the 1700s - pigment, Fe2O3, comes from copper mines in Falun - Consists of pigment, stempel water and flour - Is diffusion and allow water to penetrate both in and out - For use on rough, unplaned t
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